Firearms



H. M. OROZCO Jan. 19, 1965 FIREARMS 2 Sheets-Sheet I Filed Nov. 19, 1962 mvaN-roa uac'ron MENoozA OROZCO ATTORNEYS Jan. 19, 1965 H. M. OROZCO 3,165,850

FIREARMS Filed Nov. 19, 1962 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVLNTOR HECTOR MaNoozA oROlCO BY WMM ATTORNE. 3

United States Patent 3,165,850 FIREARMS Hector Mendoza Orozco, Bartolache 1914, Mexico City, Mexico Filed Nov. 19, 1962, er. No. 238,468 3 Qlaims. (El. 42-34) The present invention refers to improvements in or relating to firearms and more particularly is related to improved indoor shooting guns or parlor guns, generally having but not being limited to .22 caliber or smaller.

Since their invention, all indoor shooting guns or parlor guns having caliber .22 or smaller, have used a great number of different types of breech closing means in order to close the breech at the moment of firing.

Among these breech closing mechanisms, the rolling block is particularly remarkable due to its simplicity, sturdiness and long service life. This particular mechanism, which can be considered as one of the best heretofore, is presently used in fine weapons like Fiobert, Remington, Stevens and many other guns.

Basically, this rolling block breech closing mechanism consists of a pivoting piece which supports the cartridge case in order to obturate the barrel breech opening and to avoid the escape of gases. The said pivoting piece or block is held in position by means of the percussion hammer proper, which exerts a wedge-like effect thereon.

However, all mechanisms of this type manufactured up to now have presented a multiplicity of serious handicaps which have not allowed the best of the performance of the guns using the same.

Thus, the bearing force which the hammer presents to the obturator is located at a rather long distancefrom the axis of the barrel bore, and the lever-arm thus formed causes a great pressure or moment to act on the hammer, thereby flattening the hammer seat. This causes in turn that a lost motion to appear between the hammer and the rolling block on firing position and therefore, the head space of the gun is altered and so is also altered the shooting results.

Also, in this type of mechanism, the firing pin passes through the obturator in a fore and aft direction, so that in case of accidental leakage of gases therethrough, said gases pass through the bore of the pin and will strike directly on the face and eyes of the shooter. On the other hand, when the gun is dry-fired several times, the striker reaches directly the edge of the breech entrance and therefore causes the formation of a sharp crescent burr which penetrates the rim of the cartridge case weakening it and promoting the leakage of gases therethrough.

On the other hand, the passage provided for the cartridge case extractor is a rather large indentation of about inch wide, which leaves the cartridge case head without any rigid protection in that place. If, due to this lack of protection, a case head bursts out, then the resulting gases will go in a downward direction to directly strike against the left hand of the shooter, which in the case of a rifle will be supporting the gun, and therefore he can be seriously injured.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a firearm which will avoid all the abovementioned handicaps. ,j

Another object of the present invention is to provide a firearm of the abovementioned character, which will eliminate the use of a rolling block as a breech closing means, and instead will provide a novel breech closing means of simple and sturdy construction.

Another and more specific object of the present invention is to provide a firearm of the above character,

"ice

which will avoid the use of a striker needle or pin and will fire the cartridge by means of a small projection or stud protruding forewardly from the breech closing means,

proper.

An additional object of the present invention is to provide a firearm of the abovementioned character, which has a one-piece channel-like obturator, without any piercing hole or the like, in order to avoid accidental escape of gases from the cartridge case rearwardly and, therefore, avoiding possible damage to the face and eyes of the shooter.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an obturator which is pivoted onto the barrel proper by means of a small downward projection thereof, thus avoiding the long lever-arm and fracturing stresses on the pieces involved in guns of the prior art.

Other and additional objects of the invention will be obvious and still other will appear as the specification proceeds, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIGURE 1 is a fragmentary elevational view, with parts partially removed to show the inner details of the firing assembly, of a rifle embodying the teachings of the present invention;

FIGURE 2 is a cross sectional view taken along lines 2-2 of FIGURE 1 and looking in the direction of the arrows;

FIGURE 3 is a view entirely similar to that shown in FIGURE 1, but showing the mechanism in the loading position;

FIGURE 4 is a cross sectional view taken along lines 44 or" FIGURE 3 and looking in the direction of the arrows; and

FIGURE 5 is a top planview of the fragmentary illustration of FIGURE 3, with the rifle in the'loading position.

Having now specific reference to the drawings, and more particularly to FIGURES 1 and 3, there is illustrated a ride of single shot type as a particular embodiment of the invention. However, it must be understood that the same type of mechanism is suitable to be incorporated into a pistol or any other type of single shot firearm. The rifle illustratively shown in the drawings comprises a common wooden handle or stock 10 and a gun barrel llending at the rear in an integral block 12 having a pair of indentations 37 to permit the entrance of the nails 36 of the cartridge case extractor 32 as will be more fully described hereinbelow. The rolling block or breech closing means 13 adopts the shape of a vertical channel which completely surrounds block I2 at both sides and rear. This rolling block is provided with a tab 29 in order to avoid jamming of the hammer 14 against the edge of block 13 when accidentally struck while in the position of loading, such as in FIGURE 3 of the drawings. The obturator 13 is also provided with a lever or handle 49, FIG. 5, which projects from one of the sidewalls of the obturator 13, and more particularly from the right side thereof, in order to make it easy for the user to open the breech for loading and closing the breech for firing. At the sidewalls, obturator 13, is provided with a pair of round openings 43, one on each side, to receive therethrough' a pair ofnails 36 which are integrally attached to a corresponding pair of brackets 32 located outside of each sidewall of obturator 13. These brackets are yieldingly fixed on helical springs 31, one of which ends is attached to the bracket and the opposite end is attached to a pivot pin 39 which is rot-atablyv mounted on block 12 of the gun barrel 11 and which also serves as a pivot for'the obturator 13, ascan be clearly seen in FIGURES 1 and-3 of the drawings...

The rotative or pivotal motion of block 13 is provided 3 about the pivot pin 30 and is regulated by means of spring 33, one of the ends of which bears on the underside of block 13 and the other on the barrel proper. Spring 33 has a loop which surrounds a pin 3 which serves as a support in combination with the arm 35 which bears on the underside of barrel 11, as can be clearly seen in FIGURES l and 3 of the drawings. Spring 33 forces block 13 to be positioned firmly against the head 4-2 of the cartridge case 41 and block 13 has an integral boss 38 to detonate the fuse when struck by hammer 14.

The gun of the present invention is of course provided with a firing mechanism consisting of a hammer 14 of conventional form except for the plain striking surface, inasmuch as it does not need a needle because the percussion member is provided by the boss 33 of block 13. Hammer 14 is provided on its lower end with a cam surface 16 having a first shoulder 26 and a second shoutder 27 to engage the projection 28 of trigger 21. Cam id is pivoted on a pin 25 fixed in the box of the gun and is provided with a depression 17 to accommodate a double spring 18 of U-like form which is located inside the chamber 1 covered by cap 29. This spring it; forces the hammer 14 toward its engagement with the block 13, in order to accomplish firing when the trigger is released.

Shoulder 25 engages projection 28 of the trigger when the gun is in the firing position (as shown in FIGURE 3 of the drawings). When trigger 21 is made to rotate about its pivot pin 24. Then shoulder 27 and shoulder 26 are both cleared and hammer 14 directly strikes block 13 and, through the percussion boss 33, fires the cartridge which at the time is within the breech opening 39. If, having the hammer prepared as in FIGURE 3, the gun falls or is accidentally released such as by jamming, then, even when shoulder 26 has been cleared by projection 28 of the trigger, the double spring 23 which forces the trigger 21 in a clockwise direction as seen in FIGURES 1 and 3, by biasing the boss 22 thereof, causes that the projection 28 engage the shoulder 27 of the cam 16, and therefore avoids the hammer to reach the block 13 and fire the gun. Therefore, this mechanism operates as a safety lock against accidental firing of the gun.

When it is desired to load the gun, the hammer is first biased to its prepared condition shown in FIGURE 3 of the drawings, then the block 13 is also rotated in a clockwise direction in order to open the breech, the cartridge 41 is then loaded into the breech and the block 13 is again rotated in a contrary direction to close the breech. When doing this, as can be clearly seen in FIGURES 2 and of the drawings, the nails 36 snap into the cartridge case head 42 by yieldingly opening against springs 31 and thereby they snap into the cavities formed by indentations 37 on block 12. After firing the gun, in order to extract the spent cartridge, the hammer is again removed from the block 13, and block 13 is rotated to open the breech. In doing so, the nails 36 slide over the inclined and covergent surfaces of the indentations 37 and thereby trap the case head 42 on the inside, and consequently withdraw the cartridge out of the breech leaving it ready for a new loading as above described.

The gun provided by the present invention has a great number of advantages over the prior art guns. The rolling block axis 39 is mounted in a bore provided in the barrel proper and as close to the barrel breech as possible, thereby reducing the torque or moment of force caused by the back-pressure of the shoot. The amount of the obturator is not provided under the barrel and near the axis of the hammer, but on the contrary, it is located above the axis of the hammer, thereby minimizing the back thrust on the hammer. This causes that the pressure of the hammer over the obturator act as an elastic shock absorber which minimizes the head-space variation, keeping the original fit which otherwise is lost on use of the gun.

However, the main advantage achieved by the gun of the present invention as against the prior art guns is the absence of the needle bore in the obturator, which is substituted by the integral boss 38 which allows the operation of the gun even when in unloaded condition, without damaging the edge of the breech, as is the case when a needle is used through a boring in the rolling block. As abovesaid, such needle, when the gun is unloaded, strikes the edge of the breech opening on the upper portion thereof, and therefore very seriously damages it when the gun is worked in dry operation.

The two extractor nails 36 are quite more effective in effecting the extraction of the fired cases inasmuch as their actions are symmetrical. As these extractors are located at the sides of the gun, there is no possibility of an escape of gases directly on the face of the user, and when a gas leakage accidentally occurs, the gases are vented away from the shooter.

The gun of the present invention also provides easy access to see if the breech is loaded and provides a simple mechanism to handle and fire the gun, which means a potential safety when this firearm is operated.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A one shot firearm comprising, in combination, a handle having a breech box, a barrel having at its rear end an integral block of quadrilateral cross section with a cartridge receiving opening therein and seated above said reech box, a pivot pin rotatably mounted within a bore through said block in the lower portion thereof, a rolling block mounted on said pivot pin to rotate from a load position to a firing position, said rolling block being a channel having two side flanges and a rear web and having a backwardly projecting tongue at the upper edge of the web, said rolling block when in its firing position embracing the sides and rear of said barrel block to fully obturate the cartridge opening, a pair of opposed openings in the side flanges of said rolling block, a pair of extracting nails yieldingly mounted on said pivot pin and having portions bent at right angles and passing through said side fiange openings of the rolling block and snapping into a pair of cavities provided on both sides of said barrel block to operate as. fired case extractors when the rolling block is moved to its load position, said opposed openings in the rolling block flanges which accommodate the said nails also serving as side vents to conduct gases, resulting from an accidental explosion of a cartridge case, in lateral directions to avoid injury to the face of a user, a boss projecting from the inner surface of said rear web of the rolling block and positioned to strike a cartridge case head to detonate the fuse thereof when the rolling block is in firing position, a percussion hammer pivoted in said breech box and having a plain striking surface to strike the outer surface of the rear web of said rolling block to operate said boss for detonating a cartridge, a cam surface at the lower end of said hammer, a trigger pivoted in said breech box, said hammer cam surface having at least one shoulder engaging a projection on the trigger and another shoulder engaging a bending spring urging the hammer toward said rolling block, said trigger being urged away from its firing position in which said projection disengages said cam shoulder by a second spring, and third spring urging said rolling block toward its firing position.

2. A one shot firearm according to claim 1, wherein said cam has a second shoulder to engage the projection of the trigger at an intermediate position of the hammer before it strikes said rolling block to thereby operate as a safety stop to avoid accidental firing of the gun when the hammer is swung back for loading and inadvertently released.

3. A one shot firearm according to claim 1, wherein said extracting nails are yieldingly mounted by a pair of helical springs surrounding said pivot pin which mounts the rolling block, one end of each helical spring being fixed on said pivot pin, and the other end of each helical spring being secured to the outer surface of one of said bent portions of the nails so that said nails spread and 5 open to pass the head of a cartridge case against the compression of said springs when the rolling block is swung to firing position against the rear end of said integral block, said bent portions of the nails each having a beveled edge at its inner end to allow free passage of the nail 5 past the flange of a cartridge case head.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Shaver Sept. 25, 1923 

1. A ONE SHOT FIREARM COMPRISING, IN COMBINATION, A HANDLE HAVING A BREECH BOX, A BARREL HAVING AT ITS REAR END AN INTEGRAL BLOCK OF QUADRILATERAL CROSS SECTION WITH A CARTRIDGE RECEIVING OPENING THEREIN AND SEATED ABOVE SAID BREECH BOX, A PIVOT PIN ROTATABLY MOUNTED WITHIN A BORE THROUGH SAID BLOCK IN THE LOWER PORTION THEREOF, A ROLLING BLOCK MOUNTED ON SAID PIVOT PIN TO ROTATE FROM A LOAD POSITION TO FIRING POSITION, SAID ROLLING BLOCK BEING A CHANNEL HAVING TWO SIDE FLANGES AND A REAR WEB AND HAVING A BACKWARDLY PROJECTING TONGUE AT THE UPPER EDGE OF THE WEB, SAID ROLLING BLOCK WHEN IN ITS FIRING POSITION EMBRACING THE SIDES AND REAR OF SAID BARREL BLOCK TO FULLY OBTURATE THE CARTRIDGE OPENING, A PAIR OF OPPOSED OPENINGS IN THE SIDE FLANGES OF SAID ROLLING BLOCK, A PAIR OF EXTRACTING NAILS YIELDINGLY MOUNTED ON SAID PIVOT PIN AND HAVING PORTIONS BENT AT RIGHT ANGLES AND PASSING THROUGH SAID SIDE FLANGE OPENINGS OF THE ROLLING BLOCK AND SNAPPING INTO A PAIR OF CAVITIES PROVIDED ON BOTH SIDES OF SAID BARREL BLOCK TO OPERATE AS FIRED CASE EXTRACTORS WHEN THE ROLLING BLOCK IS MOVED TO ITS LOAD POSITION, SAID OPPOSED OPENINGS IN THE ROLLING BLOCK FLANGES WHICH ACCOMMODATE THE SAID NAILS ALSO SERVING AS SIDE VENTS TO CONDUCT GASES, RESULTING FROM AN ACCIDENTAL EXPLOSION OF A CARTRIDGE CASE, IN LATERAL DIRECTIONS TO AVOID INJURY TO THE FACE OF A USER, A BOSS PROJECTING FROM THE INNER SURFACE OF SAID REAR WEB OF THE ROLLING BLOCK AND POSITIONED TO STRIKE A CARTRIDGE CASE HEAD TO DETONATE THE FUSE THEREOF WHEN THE ROLLING BLOCK IS IN FIRING POSITION, A PERCUSSION HAMMBER PIVOTED IN SAID BREECH BOX AND HAVING A PLAIN STRIKING SURFACE TO STRKE THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE REAR WEB OF SAID ROLLING BLOCK TO OPERATE SAID BOSS FOR DETONATING A CARTRIDGE, A CAM SURFACE AT THE LOWER END OF SAID HAMMER, A TRIGGE RPIVOTED IN SAID BREECH BOX, SAID HAMMER CAM SURFACE HAVING AT LEAST ONE SHOULDER ENGGING A PROJECTION ON THE TRIGGER AND ANOTHER SHOULDER ENGAGING A BENDING SPIRNG URGING THE HAMMER TOWARD SAID ROLLING BLOCK, SAID TRIGGER BEING URGED AWAY FROM ITS FIRING POSITION IN WHICH SAID PROJECTION DISENGAGES SAID CAM SHOULDER BY A SECOND SPRING, AND THIRD SPRING URGING SAID ROLLING BLOCK TOWARD ITS FIRING POSITION. 